{"id":913,"date":"2025-01-31T21:59:00","date_gmt":"2025-01-01T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/a\/definition_apprentissage-par-transfert\/"},"modified":"2025-06-05T23:27:44","modified_gmt":"2025-06-05T21:27:44","slug":"definition-apprentissage-par-transfert","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/a\/definition-apprentissage-par-transfert\/","title":{"rendered":"Apprentissage par transfert"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>En intelligence artificielle et en prompt engineering, l&rsquo;apprentissage par transfert est une technique puissante et polyvalente. Qu\u2019est-ce que l&rsquo;apprentissage par transfert\u00a0? C&rsquo;est une m\u00e9thode qui permet \u00e0 un mod\u00e8le d&rsquo;IA d&rsquo;exploiter les connaissances acquises lors de la r\u00e9solution d&rsquo;une t\u00e2che pour en r\u00e9soudre une autre, similaire mais distincte.<\/p>\n<h3>Comment fonctionne l&rsquo;apprentissage par transfert\u00a0?<\/h3>\n<p>Imaginez que vous ayez appris \u00e0 faire du v\u00e9lo.  L&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre, la coordination, la fa\u00e7on de p\u00e9daler\u00a0: toutes ces comp\u00e9tences acquises vous seront utiles si vous d\u00e9cidez d&rsquo;apprendre \u00e0 faire de la moto. Vous n&rsquo;aurez pas \u00e0 tout r\u00e9apprendre depuis z\u00e9ro. L&rsquo;apprentissage par transfert, en IA, fonctionne de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re. Un mod\u00e8le entra\u00een\u00e9 sur une vaste base de donn\u00e9es, par exemple \u00e0 identifier des images de chats, peut r\u00e9utiliser une partie de ses connaissances (identification des formes, des textures, des couleurs) pour apprendre plus rapidement \u00e0 identifier des chiens. Au lieu de partir d&rsquo;une page blanche, le mod\u00e8le s&rsquo;appuie sur un savoir pr\u00e9existant, ce qui acc\u00e9l\u00e8re et optimise le processus d&rsquo;apprentissage.<\/p>\n<h3>Pourquoi l&rsquo;apprentissage par transfert est-il important\u00a0?<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;apprentissage par transfert est essentiel car il permet de gagner du temps et des ressources. Entra\u00eener un mod\u00e8le d&rsquo;IA de z\u00e9ro peut \u00eatre extr\u00eamement co\u00fbteux en termes de donn\u00e9es, de temps de calcul et d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie. En exploitant des mod\u00e8les pr\u00e9-entra\u00een\u00e9s, on peut d\u00e9velopper des solutions d&rsquo;IA performantes pour des t\u00e2ches sp\u00e9cifiques avec des jeux de donn\u00e9es plus petits. En prompt engineering, cela signifie que vous pouvez adapter des mod\u00e8les existants \u00e0 vos besoins sans n\u00e9cessiter d&rsquo;\u00e9normes quantit\u00e9s de donn\u00e9es d&rsquo;entra\u00eenement. Par exemple, un mod\u00e8le pr\u00e9-entra\u00een\u00e9 pour la traduction peut \u00eatre affin\u00e9 pour traduire un jargon sp\u00e9cifique \u00e0 un domaine particulier, comme le m\u00e9dical ou le juridique.<\/p>\n<h3>Termes associ\u00e9s<\/h3>\n<ul id=\"TermesAssocies\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/?s=Apprentissage+automatique\">Apprentissage automatique<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/?s=R%C3%A9seaux+de+neurones\">R\u00e9seaux de neurones<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/?s=Prompt+engineering\">Prompt engineering<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/?s=Intelligence+artificielle\">Intelligence artificielle<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/?s=Mod%C3%A8le+pr%C3%A9-entra%C3%AEn%C3%A9\">Mod\u00e8le pr\u00e9-entra\u00een\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En intelligence artificielle et en prompt engineering, l&rsquo;apprentissage par transfert est une technique puissante et polyvalente. Qu\u2019est-ce que l&rsquo;apprentissage par transfert\u00a0? C&rsquo;est une m\u00e9thode qui permet \u00e0 un mod\u00e8le d&rsquo;IA d&rsquo;exploiter les connaissances acquises lors de la r\u00e9solution d&rsquo;une t\u00e2che pour en r\u00e9soudre une autre, similaire mais distincte. Comment fonctionne l&rsquo;apprentissage par transfert\u00a0? Imaginez que [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[44,163,57,203,12,97],"class_list":["post-913","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a","tag-apprentissage-automatique","tag-apprentissage-par-transfert","tag-intelligence-artificielle","tag-modele-pre-entraine","tag-prompt-engineering","tag-reseaux-de-neurones"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"","author_link":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/author\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"En intelligence artificielle et en prompt engineering, l&rsquo;apprentissage par transfert est une technique puissante et polyvalente. Qu\u2019est-ce que l&rsquo;apprentissage par transfert\u00a0? C&rsquo;est une m\u00e9thode qui permet \u00e0 un mod\u00e8le d&rsquo;IA d&rsquo;exploiter les connaissances acquises lors de la r\u00e9solution d&rsquo;une t\u00e2che pour en r\u00e9soudre une autre, similaire mais distincte. Comment fonctionne l&rsquo;apprentissage par transfert\u00a0? Imaginez que\u2026","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/913","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=913"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/913\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":940,"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/913\/revisions\/940"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=913"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=913"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=913"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}