En intelligence artificielle et en prompt engineering, le sur-apprentissage est un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne courant qu’il est important de comprendre et de g\u00e9rer. Qu\u2019est-ce que Sur-apprentissage (overfitting) ? C’est lorsque votre mod\u00e8le d’IA apprend \u00ab\u00a0trop bien\u00a0\u00bb les donn\u00e9es d’entra\u00eenement, au point de ne plus pouvoir g\u00e9n\u00e9raliser correctement \u00e0 de nouvelles donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n
Imaginez que vous \u00e9tudiez pour un examen en m\u00e9morisant par c\u0153ur tout le livre de cours. Vous r\u00e9ussirez peut-\u00eatre brillamment l’examen si les questions sont exactement les m\u00eames que dans le livre. Cependant, si l’examen pose des questions l\u00e9g\u00e8rement diff\u00e9rentes ou teste votre compr\u00e9hension des concepts, vous risquez d’\u00e9chouer. C’est le principe du sur-apprentissage : le mod\u00e8le s’est tellement concentr\u00e9 sur les donn\u00e9es d’entra\u00eenement qu’il n’est plus capable de s’adapter \u00e0 des donn\u00e9es inconnues. En prompt engineering, cela se traduit par un mod\u00e8le qui ne r\u00e9pond correctement qu’\u00e0 des prompts tr\u00e8s sp\u00e9cifiques et similaires \u00e0 ceux utilis\u00e9s pendant l’entra\u00eenement.<\/p>\n
Le sur-apprentissage est un probl\u00e8me majeur car il limite l’efficacit\u00e9 et l’utilit\u00e9 des mod\u00e8les d’IA. En prompt engineering, un mod\u00e8le sur-appris ne sera pas capable de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des r\u00e9ponses pertinentes \u00e0 des prompts vari\u00e9s et cr\u00e9atifs. Par exemple, si vous entra\u00eenez un mod\u00e8le \u00e0 g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des descriptions de produits uniquement \u00e0 partir d’une liste de caract\u00e9ristiques, il risque de ne pas \u00eatre capable de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer une description persuasive et engageante si vous lui donnez un prompt plus ouvert comme \u00ab\u00a0D\u00e9crivez ce produit de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 le rendre irr\u00e9sistible\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n
En intelligence artificielle et en prompt engineering, le sur-apprentissage est un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne courant qu’il est important de comprendre et de g\u00e9rer. Qu\u2019est-ce que Sur-apprentissage (overfitting) ? C’est lorsque votre mod\u00e8le d’IA apprend \u00ab\u00a0trop bien\u00a0\u00bb les donn\u00e9es d’entra\u00eenement, au point de ne plus pouvoir g\u00e9n\u00e9raliser correctement \u00e0 de nouvelles donn\u00e9es. Comment fonctionne le Sur-apprentissage ? Imaginez […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[94],"tags":[125,115,128,331,484,333],"class_list":["post-865","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-s","tag-donnees-dentrainement","tag-donnees-de-test","tag-generalisation","tag-sous-apprentissage-underfitting","tag-sur-apprentissage-overfitting","tag-validation-croisee"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"bruno.peaumier@gmail.com","author_link":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/author\/bruno-peaumiergmail-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"En intelligence artificielle et en prompt engineering, le sur-apprentissage est un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne courant qu’il est important de comprendre et de g\u00e9rer. Qu\u2019est-ce que Sur-apprentissage (overfitting) ? C’est lorsque votre mod\u00e8le d’IA apprend \u00ab\u00a0trop bien\u00a0\u00bb les donn\u00e9es d’entra\u00eenement, au point de ne plus pouvoir g\u00e9n\u00e9raliser correctement \u00e0 de nouvelles donn\u00e9es. Comment fonctionne le Sur-apprentissage ? Imaginez\u2026","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/865","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=865"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/865\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1124,"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/865\/revisions\/1124"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=865"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=865"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=865"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}