{"id":201,"date":"2025-01-31T03:34:00","date_gmt":"2025-05-30T21:23:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/r\/definition_retroaction\/"},"modified":"2025-06-05T23:34:39","modified_gmt":"2025-06-05T21:34:39","slug":"definition-retroaction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/r\/definition-retroaction\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9troaction"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>En intelligence artificielle et en prompt engineering, la r\u00e9troaction est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment essentiel pour l&rsquo;apprentissage et l&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration des mod\u00e8les. Qu&rsquo;est-ce que la r\u00e9troaction ?  C&rsquo;est l&rsquo;information qui est renvoy\u00e9e \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me apr\u00e8s une action ou une pr\u00e9diction, lui permettant d&rsquo;ajuster son comportement futur.<\/p>\n<h3>Comment fonctionne la r\u00e9troaction ?<\/h3>\n<p>La r\u00e9troaction agit comme un guide pour les mod\u00e8les d&rsquo;IA.  Imaginez que vous apprenez \u00e0 jouer au golf. Apr\u00e8s chaque coup, votre instructeur vous donne des conseils sur votre posture, votre swing et la trajectoire de la balle. Ces conseils, c&rsquo;est de la r\u00e9troaction.  Elle vous permet de comprendre ce que vous avez bien fait, ce que vous devez am\u00e9liorer et comment corriger vos erreurs pour votre prochain coup.  De la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re, la r\u00e9troaction en IA permet aux mod\u00e8les d&rsquo;ajuster leurs param\u00e8tres internes pour produire de meilleurs r\u00e9sultats.<\/p>\n<h3>Pourquoi la r\u00e9troaction est-elle importante ?<\/h3>\n<p>En prompt engineering, la r\u00e9troaction est cruciale pour affiner les prompts et obtenir les r\u00e9ponses souhait\u00e9es d&rsquo;un mod\u00e8le d&rsquo;IA.  Sans r\u00e9troaction, le mod\u00e8le ne peut pas apprendre de ses erreurs et risque de r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les m\u00eames erreurs.  Par exemple, si vous demandez \u00e0 un mod\u00e8le de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer un texte cr\u00e9atif et que le r\u00e9sultat n&rsquo;est pas satisfaisant, vous pouvez fournir une r\u00e9troaction en pr\u00e9cisant les aspects \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer, comme le ton, le style ou le contenu.  Cette information permettra au mod\u00e8le de mieux comprendre vos attentes et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer un texte plus pertinent la prochaine fois.<\/p>\n<h3>Exemples d&rsquo;utilisation de la r\u00e9troaction<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Dans l&rsquo;apprentissage automatique supervis\u00e9:<\/strong> Les mod\u00e8les sont entra\u00een\u00e9s \u00e0 partir d&rsquo;un ensemble de donn\u00e9es \u00e9tiquet\u00e9es. La r\u00e9troaction est fournie sous forme d&rsquo;\u00e9tiquettes correctes, permettant au mod\u00e8le d&rsquo;apprendre \u00e0 associer les entr\u00e9es aux sorties souhait\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dans l&rsquo;apprentissage par renforcement:<\/strong> La r\u00e9troaction prend la forme de r\u00e9compenses ou de p\u00e9nalit\u00e9s, encourageant le mod\u00e8le \u00e0 adopter des comportements qui maximisent les r\u00e9compenses.<\/li>\n<li><strong>En prompt engineering:<\/strong> La r\u00e9troaction peut \u00eatre donn\u00e9e en modifiant le prompt, en fournissant des exemples de r\u00e9ponses souhait\u00e9es ou en \u00e9valuant la qualit\u00e9 des r\u00e9ponses g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es par le mod\u00e8le.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Termes associ\u00e9s<\/h3>\n<ul id=\"TermesAssocies\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/?s=Apprentissage+automatique\">Apprentissage automatique<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/?s=Prompt+engineering\">Prompt engineering<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/?s=Apprentissage+par+renforcement\">Apprentissage par renforcement<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/?s=%C3%89valuation+des+performances\">\u00c9valuation des performances<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/?s=Optimisation\">Optimisation<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En intelligence artificielle et en prompt engineering, la r\u00e9troaction est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment essentiel pour l&rsquo;apprentissage et l&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration des mod\u00e8les. Qu&rsquo;est-ce que la r\u00e9troaction ? C&rsquo;est l&rsquo;information qui est renvoy\u00e9e \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me apr\u00e8s une action ou une pr\u00e9diction, lui permettant d&rsquo;ajuster son comportement futur. Comment fonctionne la r\u00e9troaction ? La r\u00e9troaction agit comme un guide [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[44,63,62,61,12,60],"class_list":["post-201","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-r","tag-apprentissage-automatique","tag-apprentissage-par-renforcement","tag-evaluation-des-performances","tag-optimisation","tag-prompt-engineering","tag-retroaction"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"","author_link":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/author\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"En intelligence artificielle et en prompt engineering, la r\u00e9troaction est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment essentiel pour l&rsquo;apprentissage et l&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration des mod\u00e8les. Qu&rsquo;est-ce que la r\u00e9troaction ? C&rsquo;est l&rsquo;information qui est renvoy\u00e9e \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me apr\u00e8s une action ou une pr\u00e9diction, lui permettant d&rsquo;ajuster son comportement futur. Comment fonctionne la r\u00e9troaction ? La r\u00e9troaction agit comme un guide\u2026","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/201","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=201"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/201\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":377,"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/201\/revisions\/377"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=201"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=201"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happynumeric.com\/lexique-intelligence-artificielle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=201"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}